Historical Facts
Date: November 3, 2012
Location: Republic of Panama
The Separation
The union with Colombia, far from helping to improve the living conditions of residents on the Isthmus, had deteriorated them in a palpable way. Such conditions were further aggravated by the devastation caused by the Thousand Day War, which was but the cause of greater misery for the population of this territory.
Date: November 5, 2012
Location: Province of Colón, Panama
In the year 1903, Panama had achieved complete independence from Colombia, but in reality this was not true. Colón remained under Colombia's control, with numerous Colombian troops, including the Shooters battalion and with navy back-ups in the Cartagena boat, still in Colón and planning to reconquer the isthmus by force.
Date: November 10, 2012
Location: District of La Villa de Los Santos, Province of Los Santos
The shout by Rufina
Rufina Alfaro was a beautiful young woman who won over the sympathy of the Spanish soldiers stationed in the town of La Villa de Los Santos. The commander of the barracks instilled his confidence in Rufina and granted her entry to the compound to have a conversation.
Date: November 28, 2012
Location: Panama, Republic of Panama
The Panamanian movement for independence from the Spanish Crown began on November 10, 1821 with the events of the First Declaration of Independence in the Villa de Los Santos by Rufina Alfaro and Segundo Villareal, which was supported in other cities like Natá, Penonomé, Ocú and Parita.



